Recently, the CPC Hunan Provincial Committee and the People's Government of Hunan Province issued the *Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of Beautiful Hunan*. The opinions point out that efforts should be made to steadily advance carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Implement the "Ten Actions for Carbon Peaking" and promote the construction of pilot cities for carbon peaking. Accelerate the construction of a new energy system based on electricity, scientifically and rationally control the total coal consumption, advance projects such as the "Gasification of Hunan", and actively develop non-fossil energy according to local conditions. Promote the gradual shift from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity. Promote synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in industries, transportation, urban and rural construction, agriculture, and ecological construction. Actively participate in the construction of the national carbon market. By 2035, the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total energy consumption of the province shall not be less than 30%. Details are as follows:  

To comprehensively promote the construction of Beautiful Hunan and strive to write a chapter of Chinese modernization in Hunan, in accordance with the spirit of the Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of Beautiful China issued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and in combination with the actual situation of our province, the following implementation opinions are put forward.  

 I. General Requirements  
Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, earnestly implement the important speeches and instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping during his inspection in Hunan, and firmly assume the political responsibility of "protecting the clear waters of the Yangtze River" and "guarding the green mountains, clear waters, blue skies, and clean land of Hunan". Adhere to the transformation in all fields, improvement in all aspects, construction in all regions, and action by the whole society to comprehensively promote the construction of Beautiful Hunan.  

By 2027, green and low-carbon development will be further advanced, the total emissions of major pollutants will continue to decrease, the quality of the ecological environment will continue to improve, the pattern of territorial space development and protection will be optimized, the service functions of ecosystems will be enhanced, the living environment in urban and rural areas will be significantly improved, ecological security will be effectively guaranteed, the ecological environment governance system will be more sound, a number of practical models will be formed, and the effectiveness of building Beautiful Hunan will be evident.  

By 2035, green production and lifestyle will be widely formed, carbon emissions will stabilize and decline after peaking, the ecological environment will be fundamentally improved, a new pattern of territorial space development and protection will be fully formed, the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems will be significantly enhanced, ecological security will be more solid, the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity will be basically realized, and Beautiful Hunan will be basically completed.  

By the middle of this century, ecological civilization will be comprehensively enhanced, green development and lifestyle will be fully formed, key areas will achieve deep decarbonization, the ecological environment will be healthy and beautiful, the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity will be fully realized, and a beautiful Hunan where humans and nature coexist harmoniously will be fully completed.  

 II. Main Tasks  
(I) Accelerate the Green Transformation of Development Patterns  
1. Optimize the pattern of territorial space development and protection. Implement the main functional zone system, improve the territorial space planning system, and comprehensively promote zoning control of the ecological environment. Adhere to the ecological protection red line, ensuring that the area of the ecological protection red line is not less than 41,800 square kilometers, and that ecological functions do not degrade or change in nature. Adhere to the cultivated land protection red line, ensuring that the cultivated land area is not less than 53.7266 million mu by 2035. Strictly control the urban development boundary and accelerate the construction of an urban spatial pattern of "one circle, two sub-centers, three belts, and multiple points".  

2. Steadily advance carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Implement the "Ten Actions for Carbon Peaking" and promote the construction of pilot cities for carbon peaking. Accelerate the construction of a new energy system based on electricity, scientifically and rationally control the total coal consumption, advance projects such as the "Gasification of Hunan", and actively develop non-fossil energy according to local conditions. Promote the gradual shift from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity. Promote synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in industries, transportation, urban and rural construction, agriculture, and ecological construction. Actively participate in the construction of the national carbon market. By 2035, the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total energy consumption of the province shall not be less than 30%.  

3. Promote green and low-carbon development in key areas in a coordinated manner. Actively cultivate and develop new productive forces, accelerate the construction of a "4×4" modern industrial system, and promote the in-depth integration of industrial digitalization, intelligentization, and greenization. Strictly manage access and resolutely curb the blind launch of high-energy-consuming, high-emission, and low-level projects. Carry out energy-saving and carbon-reducing renovations of existing buildings and municipal infrastructure. Vigorously promote the shift from road transportation to railway and waterway transportation, coordinate the construction of railway logistics parks and special lines, and promote the green transformation of public transportation places. By 2027, the proportion of new energy vehicles among new car additions is expected to reach 45%, and the volume of port container rail-water intermodal transportation will maintain rapid growth; by 2035, the proportion of railway freight turnover in total turnover will meet national requirements.  

4. Promote economical and intensive use of various resources. Implement a comprehensive conservation strategy, and strengthen energy conservation, water conservation, land conservation, material conservation, and mineral conservation. Strengthen energy conservation in key areas, implement the requirements of the national water-saving action, and strengthen economical and intensive land use. Establish a green manufacturing system and service system. Accelerate the construction of a waste recycling system, and promote the recycling of waste non-ferrous metals, wind power and photovoltaic equipment, and power batteries. Promote raw material conservation and resource recycling, and develop the remanufacturing industry. Comprehensively promote the construction of green mines. By 2035, the efficiency of energy and water resource utilization will reach the international advanced level.  

(II) Continuously Advance the Battle Against Pollution  
5. Build beautiful blue skies. Continuously and deeply carry out the battle to defend the blue sky, focusing on ten key areas and eight key projects through the "Blue Sky Protection" campaign. Improve the regional air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism, strengthen joint prevention and control in key cities, deepen the list-based management of emergency emission reduction measures and differentiated control of performance grading, and carry out the "Action to Create Class A" (for ultra-low emissions). With the control of fine particulate matter as the main line, vigorously promote the reduction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Strengthen source prevention and control, comprehensively promote ultra-low emission transformation in industries such as steel and cement and coal-fired boilers, and accelerate the replacement of industrial furnaces with clean energy. Strengthen supervision over the emission compliance of motor vehicles, and promote the elimination and renewal of high-emission diesel trucks and non-road mobile machinery. Strengthen comprehensive utilization of crop straw. Scientifically prevent and control pollution from fireworks and firecrackers. Promote noise pollution prevention and control actions. Strengthen the control of odors, catering fumes, and other pollution. By 2027, the average concentration of fine particulate matter in the province will meet the tasks assigned by the state, and all prefecture-level cities will strive to meet the standards; by 2035, the average concentration of fine particulate matter in the province will further decrease.  

6. Build beautiful rivers and lakes. Continuously and deeply carry out the battle to defend clear waters, coordinate the management of water resources, water environment, and water ecology, carry out key campaigns such as the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River, the control and reduction of total phosphorus pollution in Dongting Lake, and the treatment of black and odorous water bodies, and carry out the treatment of water bodies with excessive or unstable water quality. Promote the standardized construction of water sources at the municipal, county, and township levels and the construction of backup water sources. Fully establish a monitoring and supervision system for sewage outlets into rivers. Implement performance grading of sewage treatment and discharge levels for key industries and enterprises, and promote water pollution control in industrial parks. Promote the separation of rain and sewage systems and improve the centralized collection rate of urban domestic sewage. Basically eliminate black and odorous water bodies in urban and rural areas and form a long-term mechanism. Strengthen the management of the aquatic ecological environment during dry seasons, flood seasons, and high-temperature periods, and prevent and control cyanobacteria blooms. Promote the cleaning of floating debris in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Carry out aquatic ecological monitoring and evaluation, and strengthen the management of ecological flow. By 2027, the proportion of excellent surface water quality in the province will not be less than 97.3%, and the completion rate of beautiful rivers and lakes will reach about 40%; by 2035, beautiful rivers and lakes will be basically completed.  

7. Continuously and deeply carry out the battle to defend clean land. Carry out actions for the source prevention and control of soil pollution, strengthen the protection of cultivated land in the priority protection category, promote the safe use and risk control of contaminated cultivated land, and strengthen the traceability and remediation of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land. Strengthen the ecological environment supervision of key construction land in accordance with the law. Strictly control the risk of groundwater pollution and carry out groundwater pollution investigation and evaluation. Deepen the construction of pilot zones for soil pollution prevention and control and groundwater pollution prevention and control, and promote pilot projects for the control and restoration of soil and groundwater pollution in operating enterprises and chemical parks. By 2027, the safe utilization rate of contaminated cultivated land will reach more than 94%, and the safe utilization of construction land will be effectively guaranteed; by 2035, the proportion of class I-IV groundwater in national control points will reach more than 90.3%.  

8. Strengthen the management of solid waste and new pollutants. Carry out the construction of "zero-waste cities" across the province, and promote pilots in cities such as Changsha and Zhangjiajie. Promote the reduction, recycling, and harmless treatment of solid waste, and strengthen the whole-chain management of plastic pollution. Promote the management of new pollutants, large-scale equipment updates, and the replacement of consumer goods with new ones. Strengthen the supervision and utilization of hazardous waste. By 2027, the proportion of "zero-waste cities" will reach 60%, and the intensity of solid waste generation will decrease significantly; by 2035, the construction of "zero-waste cities" will be fully covered, and the environmental risks of new pollutants will be effectively controlled.  

 (III) Enhance the Diversity, Stability, and Sustainability of Ecosystems  
9. Build beautiful mountains and rivers. Consolidate natural ecological barriers, and promote the protection and construction of important ecological corridors such as the Wuling-Xuefeng Mountains, Nanling Mountains, Luoxiao-Mufu Mountains, and national key ecological function zones. Promote the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and fully complete the integration, optimization, and boundary demarcation of nature reserves. Strengthen the construction of regulatory systems and unified supervision for ecological protection and restoration. Strengthen ecological status monitoring and evaluation and the effectiveness evaluation of ecological protection and restoration, and continue to promote the "Green Shield" enhanced supervision of nature reserves. By 2035, the pattern of ecosystems in the province will be more stable.  

10. Implement ecological restoration of "One River, One Lake, and Four Waters". Promote the joint protection and governance of the Hunan section of the Yangtze River coastline, increase efforts in wetland protection and restoration, implement integrated protection and restoration projects for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and sand in the Dongting Lake area, and consolidate the results of cleaning up and rectifying illegal low embankments and illegal sand mining. Strengthen the ecological restoration and construction of small watersheds in the "Four Waters" (Xiangjiang, Zijiang, Yuanjiang, and Lishui Rivers). Carry out scientific land greening actions, strengthen the comprehensive control of rocky desertification and soil erosion, strengthen the supervision of sand and gravel mines, and strengthen mine ecological restoration. Consolidate and enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems. By 2035, the forest coverage rate of the province will remain above 53.15%, the soil and water conservation rate will strive to reach 88%, and the ecosystem will basically achieve a virtuous cycle.  

11. Strengthen biodiversity protection. Focus on priority areas for biodiversity protection such as Wuling Mountains, Nanling Mountains, and Dongting Lake, and strengthen protection and management. Implement major biodiversity protection projects. Promote the rescue action for rare and endangered species in the Yangtze River and implement the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River. Strengthen the protection of the "Millennium Bird Migration Route", strengthen the site selection demonstration of wind power generation and other projects, and resolutely crack down on illegal activities such as illegal hunting of migratory birds. By 2035, the land area of nature reserves in the province will account for about 12% of the province's land area, and typical ecosystems, national key protected wild animals and plants, and their habitats will be fully protected.  


(IV) Safeguard the Security Bottom Line for Building Beautiful Hunan  
12. Improve the ecological security system. Implement the overall national security concept and improve the provincial ecological security work coordination mechanism. Comprehensively improve nuclear and radiation safety supervision capabilities, strengthen the radiation environment safety supervision of associated radioactive mines and historically遗留 radioactive waste residues, and strengthen the safety management of nuclear technology applications and electromagnetic radiation environment management. Improve the biosecurity supervision, early warning, and prevention and control system, strengthen the environmental risk control of biotechnology and its products, and strengthen the prevention and control of harmful organisms and invasive alien species. Effectively respond to the adverse impacts and risks of climate change, and by 2035, a climate-resilient society will be basically built.  

13. Strictly prevent and control environmental risks. Continue to strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, focus on key areas such as the "Manganese Triangle" in Huayuan County, Xikuangshan in Loudi, and Sanshiliuwan in Chenzhou, key river basins such as Xiangjiang and Zijiang, key industries such as non-ferrous metal mining and beneficiation, non-ferrous metal smelting, and electroplating, and key fields such as hazardous waste, mine water, and tailings ponds for pollution control and risk management. Establish and improve the responsibility system for sudden environmental incidents and emergency linkage mechanisms, strengthen the construction of basic environmental emergency capabilities, and implement environmental health monitoring, investigation, and risk assessment systems.  

 (V) Create a Hunan Model for Building a Beautiful China  
14. Build beautiful cities. Guide the construction of beautiful cities with the orientation of green and low-carbon, beautiful environment, ecological livability, safety and health, and intelligence and efficiency. Implement urban renewal actions, improve the ecological environment governance efficiency of large and medium-sized cities, and promote the upgrading of environmental infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities and counties. Strengthen ecological co-protection and environmental co-governance, accelerate the construction of the Changzhutan Green Heart Central Park, and build a beautiful Changzhutan metropolitan area. Encourage the China (Hunan) Pilot Free Trade Zone to innovate green development models. Actively cultivate beautiful units such as beautiful parks, beautiful communities, beautiful campuses, and beautiful villages.  

15. Build beautiful villages. Implement the "Five Thousand Projects", coordinate the promotion of rural ecological revitalization and rural living environment improvement, and build ecologically livable "Harmonious and Beautiful Hunan Villages". Strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and strengthen the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution and the treatment of aquaculture tail water. Further promote the rural toilet revolution, and strengthen the treatment of domestic sewage, domestic waste, and black and odorous water bodies. Implement rural greening and beautification actions, and protect traditional villages and rural styles. By 2027, the proportion of counties with beautiful villages fully built will reach 40%; by 2035, beautiful villages will be basically built.  

 (VI) Launch a National Action for Building Beautiful Hunan  
16. Practice green and low-carbon lifestyles. Improve the ecological culture system guided by ecological values, and advocate a simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized, and healthy lifestyle and consumption model. Improve the long-term mechanism for green consumption, promote green products, carry out the "Clear Your Plate" campaign, develop ecotourism, and advocate green travel. Promote full coverage of garbage classification in residential communities in prefecture-level cities. Explore the establishment of public participation mechanisms such as "carbon inclusive" initiatives.  

17. Establish a multi-participation action system. Promote the integration of ecological civilization education into the education system for cadres, party members, and the general public, promote the opening of environmental protection facilities, and strengthen ecological civilization publicity and education services. Promote the construction of an ecological environment volunteer service system, and continue to carry out a series of activities such as "Green Guards Going to Hunan". Promote Huxiang culture, and enhance the ideological and action consciousness of the whole people in ecological environmental protection. Promote ecological literature creation and tell the story of "Beautiful Hunan".  

 (VII) Improve the Guarantee System for Building Beautiful Hunan  
18.Reform and improve institutional mechanisms. Strengthen the legal guarantee for building Beautiful Hunan, and promote the construction of a system of local laws, regulations, and standards for ecological environmental protection. Improve the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment in source prevention, fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system, and accelerate the construction of an environmental credit supervision system. Deepen the reform of the legal disclosure system for environmental information, promote the reform of the ecological environmental damage compensation system, and implement the compulsory environmental pollution liability insurance system. Strictly and practically promote the rectification of problems反馈 by the central ecological and environmental protection inspection, and organize provincial ecological and environmental protection inspections. Further promote the audit of leading cadres' natural resource assets upon leaving office. Deepen the reform of the vertical management system for ecological environment monitoring, supervision, and law enforcement below the provincial.