Fa Gai Neng Yuan 〔2024〕 No. 187
Development and Reform Commissions, Energy Bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management; all dispatched agencies of the National Energy Administration; and relevant power enterprises:
As an important public infrastructure, the distribution network plays a crucial role in ensuring power supply, supporting economic and social development, and serving and improving people's livelihood. With the advancement of the construction of a new power system, the distribution network is gradually transforming from a power network that simply receives and distributes electricity to users into a power network with integrated interaction of source, grid, load, and storage, and flexible coupling with the upper-level power grid. Its functions in promoting the local consumption of distributed power sources and carrying new loads have become increasingly prominent. To promote the high-quality development of distribution networks under the new situation and help build a clean, low-carbon, safe, sufficient, economically efficient, supply-demand coordinated, flexible, and intelligent new power system, the following opinions are put forward.
I. General Requirements
(1) Guiding Ideology
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, thoroughly implement the new energy security strategy of "four revolutions and one cooperation," closely focus on the goals of power supply guarantee and transformation under the new situation, orderly expand investment in distribution networks, improve investment efficiency, coordinate the construction and transformation of distribution networks, systematically promote the scientific integration and development of distribution networks with source, load, and storage, comprehensively enhance the power supply guarantee capacity and comprehensive carrying capacity of urban and rural distribution networks, and use the high-quality development of distribution networks to support the construction of a new energy system and a new power system, serve economic and social development, promote the achievement of the "dual carbon" goals, and accelerate the process of Chinese-style modernization.
(2) Basic Principles
- Adhere to safe power supply and enhance guarantee capacity: Take ensuring safe and reliable power supply as the primary task, moderately advance the planning and construction of distribution networks, continuously optimize the network structure, maintain a reasonable power supply margin, and narrow the gap in power supply between urban and rural areas. Appropriately raise the fortification standards, coordinate to improve the emergency guarantee level of important users, and consolidate the foundation of intrinsic safety.
- Adhere to green development and help low-carbon transformation: Accelerate the construction, transformation, and intelligent upgrading of distribution networks, and strengthen the coordinated development of source, grid, load, and storage. Effectively meet the needs of distributed new energy development, fully support the construction of an electric vehicle charging infrastructure system, actively promote the diversified development of new energy storage, and comprehensively advance the green and low-carbon transformation of energy.
- Adhere to overall connection and strengthen planning guidance: Firmly establish a systematic thinking, strengthen the connection and interaction between distribution network planning and national development strategies, urban and rural development plans, and industrial development plans in the process of formulation and implementation. Deepen multi-departmental linkage and cooperation to achieve the scientific and orderly allocation of source, grid, load, and storage resources.
- Adhere to scientific management and promote quality and efficiency improvement**: Establish and improve a scientific development mechanism for distribution networks, and strengthen the whole-process management. Innovate the operation and management mode of distribution networks, improve the standardization level, promote the research, development, and application of advanced technologies, deepen the reform of the power system and mechanism, and further improve the quality and efficiency of distribution networks.
(3) Development Goals
Focusing on the overall goal of building a new energy system and a new power system, we will create a new distribution system that is safe, efficient, clean, low-carbon, flexible, and intelligently integrated. On the basis of enhancing the supply guarantee capacity, we will promote the transformation of the distribution network in form from a traditional "passive" one-way radial network to an "active" two-way interactive system, and in function from a single power supply and distribution service entity to an efficient resource allocation platform for source, grid, load, and storage.
- By 2025, the distribution network structure will be stronger and clearer, with reasonable and sufficient power supply and distribution capacity; the carrying capacity and flexibility of the distribution network will be significantly improved, with the ability to connect about 500 million kilowatts of distributed new energy and about 12 million charging piles; active distribution networks will be compatible with the main power grid, the digital transformation of distribution networks will be fully advanced, an open and shared system will gradually take shape, supporting diversified and innovative development; the intelligent dispatching and operation system will be upgraded at an accelerated pace, and new technologies such as vehicle-grid coordination and interaction, grid-forming new energy, and grid-forming energy storage will be promoted in qualified areas.
- By 2030, the flexible, intelligent, and digital transformation of distribution networks will be basically completed, realizing multi-level coordination of main distribution and microgrids, aggregation and interaction of massive resources, and plug-and-play for multiple users. This will effectively promote the integrated development of distributed smart grids and the main power grid, better meet the development needs of distributed power sources, new energy storage, and various new formats, provide strong support for building a high-quality charging infrastructure system with wide coverage, appropriate scale, reasonable structure, and complete functions, and promote the achievement of non-fossil energy consumption goals through high-level electrification.
II. Strengthening Weaknesses in Power Grids and Consolidating the Foundation for Supply Guarantee
(1) Comprehensively Improve Power Supply Guarantee Capacity
Moderately advance the planning of substation and distribution points, optimize the layout of power grid facilities, and build a strong and flexible power grid structure. Accelerate the upgrading and transformation of power distribution facilities in urban old residential areas and urban villages, strictly implement requirements such as "one household, one meter" for urban residents' electricity consumption, charging infrastructure in new residential areas, and flood control and waterlogging prevention, and orderly promote the transformation of dual power sources for first-class loads in high-rise residential areas. Accelerate the rural power grid consolidation and upgrading project, improve the rural power grid structure, strengthen the connection between county-level power grids and the main grid, steadily promote the extension and coverage of the main power grid, build renewable energy local area networks according to local conditions, and continue to increase investment in rural power grid construction in remote areas, poverty-alleviated areas, and old revolutionary base areas. Scientifically strengthen weak links, systematically sort out the list of county-level distribution networks with a single power supply direction, and carry out targeted transformation to improve power supply reliability. Regularly monitor and investigate problems such as heavy loading/full loading of main (distribution) transformers, heavy overloading of lines, and voltage out-of-limit, put forward targeted solutions, and eliminate power supply bottlenecks. In qualified areas, combined with technical and economic comparisons, apply new technologies such as AC-DC hybrid distribution networks and flexible interconnection, and explore the adoption of high-reliability wiring modes for distribution networks.
(2) Improve Equipment Energy Efficiency and Intelligence Level
Accelerate the renewal and transformation of old and high-energy-consuming equipment and facilities. After transformation, they must meet the energy efficiency standards and strive to reach the advanced energy efficiency level. By 2025, power grid enterprises will completely eliminate S7 (including S8) type distribution transformers and those with an operating life of more than 25 years and energy efficiency failing to meet the access level. The proportion of transformers in operation across society that meet or exceed the energy-saving level will increase by more than 10 percentage points compared with 2021. Continue to promote the standardization of equipment, fully apply typical designs and standard materials, and actively promote high-reliability, integrated, low-energy-consuming, environment-friendly, and primary-secondary integrated equipment. Further expand the application scope of technologies such as network communication, big data, and automatic control, continuously improve the effective coverage rate of distribution automation, and gradually enhance load control capabilities. Reasonably configure monitoring terminals, unmanned inspection terminals, live working robots, and other facilities and equipment, and accelerate the application of technologies such as intelligent monitoring and analysis of equipment status and intelligent perception of power grid disasters. Innovatively apply digital technologies to strengthen the coordinated regulation of source, grid, load, and storage at the distribution network level. Tap the value of power data, promote the in-depth integration of grid digital technology and the real economy. Establish and improve data security management systems, and take corresponding technical measures to ensure data security.
(3) Strengthen Emergency Guarantee Capacity Building
Reasonably raise the construction standards of relevant lines and substations in core areas and for important users, promote the construction of local emergency power sources, coordinate the allocation and use of mobile emergency power sources, and important users should be equipped with self-owned emergency power sources as required to improve the power supply guarantee capacity for key areas, key parts, and important users under extreme conditions. Improve the comprehensive disaster prevention capacity of the power grid, strengthen research on the laws of rain, snow, and ice weather changes, accelerate the revision and improvement of regional distribution maps for typhoons, freezing rain, ice coating, and strong wind galloping disasters, differentially raise local planning, design, and disaster prevention and control standards, enhance the ability to prevent and respond to natural disasters, promote the migration of existing underground power distribution facilities that do not meet requirements to the ground or implement waterlogging prevention transformation, and prevent forest and grassland fires and personal electric shock accidents.
III. Enhancing Carrying Capacity to Support Transformational Development
(1) Meet the Needs of Large-Scale Distributed New Energy Grid Connection
In combination with the development goals of distributed new energy, strengthen the construction of distribution networks in a targeted manner, improve supporting measures for stable operation of the power grid, and ensure power quality. Coordinate distribution network capacity, load growth, and regulating resources, systematically carry out analysis on the impact of new energy grid connection, evaluate the carrying capacity of distribution networks, establish a release and early warning mechanism for the scalable new energy capacity, and guide the scientific layout, orderly development, local connection, and on-site consumption of distributed new energy.
(2) Meet the Power Demand of Large-Scale New Loads Such as Electric Vehicles
Carry out analysis on the density of electric vehicle charging loads in different scenarios, establish an information release mechanism for the capacity of distribution networks to connect electric vehicle charging facilities, and guide the reasonable hierarchical connection of charging facilities to medium and low-voltage distribution networks. Strengthen two-way interaction and condition matching analysis, scientifically connect the layout of charging facility points with distribution network construction and transformation projects, and help build an electric vehicle charging infrastructure network with urban area-based, highway line-based, and rural point-based layouts. Combined with load characteristic analysis, arrange the upgrading and transformation of distribution networks in an orderly manner to meet the power demand of energy substitution facilities such as electric heating, electric boilers, and port shore power.
Enhancing Carrying Capacity to Support Transformational Development
Based on the analysis of the regulating capacity of the power system, scientifically arrange the development scale of new energy storage according to different application scenarios. Guide distributed new energy to reasonably configure new energy storage according to its own operation needs or through a sharing model to improve the reliable substitution capacity of new energy and promote new energy consumption. Scientifically layout new energy storage at key nodes and the end of the power grid to improve the flexible regulating capacity and stable operation level of the power grid. Support the safe development of user-side energy storage, strengthen metering management to achieve full collection, explore new scenarios for integrated application of energy storage around end users such as distributed new energy, charging facilities, and big data centers, and support participation in power grid interaction. Promote the application of long-duration electrical energy storage, hydrogen energy storage, and thermal (cold) energy storage technologies.
(4) Promote the Healthy Development of New Formats in the Power System
Based on the connection mode and consumption characteristics of distributed new energy, build distributed smart grids that meet the requirements of large-scale development and on-site consumption of distributed new energy, and realize compatible coexistence and integrated development with the main power grid. Promote the construction of microgrids, clarify physical boundaries, reasonably proportion the capacity of source, load, and storage, and strengthen the ability of independent peak regulation and self-balancing. Tap the regulating potential on the user side, encourage the innovative development of new formats such as virtual power plants and load aggregators, and vehicle-grid interaction to improve system response speed and regulating capacity. The main power grid should create convenient conditions for the connection of distributed smart grids and microgrids to the public power grid, simplify the connection procedures, and both parties should clarify the interfaces in terms of assets and management, as well as the rights and obligations in terms of dispatching control, interactive operation, and use of regulating resources.
IV. Strengthening Whole-Process Management to Ensure Development Quality
(1) Formulate Overall Power Grid Plans
Local energy authorities should strengthen the management of the distribution network planning link, organize power grid enterprises to formulate plans and supervise their implementation. Distribution network plans should fully implement the requirements of national strategic tasks such as regional coordinated development, new urbanization, and rural revitalization, do a good job in linking with industrial development plans for new energy, electric vehicles, and energy storage, and strengthen connection with urban and rural master plans and territorial spatial plans. Support the unified planning and construction of municipal pipe corridors for public infrastructure such as water, electricity, and gas. Fully consider the stage and characteristics of local social and economic development, adhere to differentiated planning of distribution networks, and improve efficiency and benefits.
(2) Optimize Project Investment Management
Power grid enterprises should focus on their main power grid business and continue to increase investment in distribution networks. Encourage diversified entities to invest in distribution networks and innovate investment methods. The investment in grid connection projects for new energy stations and energy storage stations directly connected to the distribution network shall, in principle, be borne by power grid enterprises. For grid connection projects that are difficult for power grid enterprises to construct or whose planning and construction schedules do not match, relevant entities may independently invest in their construction, and with the consent of both parties through negotiation, the power grid enterprises may repurchase them in accordance with laws and regulations at an appropriate time. Solidly carry out quota management and cost calculation for distribution network projects, promote standardized and modular projects, reduce investment costs, optimize investment structure, and improve investment efficiency. Improve the efficiency of approval or filing for distribution network projects, especially those of 10 kV and below.
#### (3) Coordinate Project Construction
Establish a work coordination mechanism involving multiple departments, clarify responsibilities at all levels, strengthen grass-roots coordination, efficiently promote project site selection, route selection, and land use approval procedures, specially solve problems related to supporting power grid construction and transformation for major projects and key areas, and promote the early implementation of projects. Combine with municipal construction projects such as urban roads, bridges, and comprehensive pipe corridors, coordinate the implementation of distribution network upgrading and transformation such as overhead line improvement and undergrounding. Strengthen the management of construction teams and construction techniques, carry out whole-process supervision and management of project construction, ensure project construction safety, and improve project construction quality.
(4) Improve Dispatching and Operation Mechanisms
Adhere to unified dispatching and hierarchical management, strictly enforce dispatching discipline, and ensure the safe operation of the power grid. Strengthen the construction of intelligent distribution network dispatching and information security protection systems, comprehensively improve the ability of observation, measurement, regulation, and control, and gradually build a new active distribution network dispatching mode with coordination between main distribution and microgrids. Establish a coordinated regulation mechanism for source, grid, load, and storage, continuously improve the new energy power regulation mechanism, optimize protection and control strategies in areas with high penetration rates of distributed new energy, establish and improve new energy storage regulation systems and calling mechanisms, support various user-side regulating resources to participate in the market through virtual power plants, load aggregation, etc., and improve the regulating capacity, resource allocation capacity, and self-healing capacity of distribution networks. Improve the ability of real-time state perception and fault handling, strengthen hierarchical and layered control, and enhance the management and control capacity of distributed power sources.
(5) Improve Operation and Maintenance Service Levels
Strengthen equipment inspection and maintenance, and promptly eliminate equipment defects and hidden dangers. Carry out lean operation and maintenance, optimize power outage plans, strengthen management of rapid emergency repair and power restoration, promote active fault repair technology for distribution networks and the "first restore power, then repair" model, and reduce power outage time, frequency, and impact scope. Power users should strengthen the operation and maintenance of their own facilities, promptly eliminate hidden dangers, prevent accidents, and avoid affecting the public power grid. Revise and improve grid connection standards, and strengthen the foundation for the safe and stable operation of distribution networks. Simplify grid connection procedures, accelerate the construction, commissioning, and acceptance of grid connection projects, and improve service efficiency. Support the development of integrated energy services relying on distribution networks.
V. Strengthening Reform and Innovation to Solve Development Problems
(1) Continuously Promote Scientific and Technological Innovation
Strengthen research on active distribution network planning methods, operation mechanisms, balance modes, and dispatching and operation control methods for new models such as microgrids and virtual power plants, improve relevant standards, and actively carry out international cooperation. Explore the optimal layout and efficient utilization of new energy storage, carry out research on efficient carrying technologies for charging facilities, and promote the flexible connection of new entities. Support qualified areas to carry out pilot projects in distribution network technology and model innovation.
(2) Improve Market Trading Mechanisms
Clarify market access, clearing, and settlement standards for new entities and new formats such as distributed new energy, new energy storage, electric vehicle charging facilities, microgrids, and virtual power plants, study and design appropriate trading varieties and rules, and encourage diversified resources to participate in market trading on an equal basis. Improve multi-time-scale and multi-level power markets to meet diversified needs. Innovate and expand business models and trading mechanisms for the new power system, and create conditions for industrial and commercial power users to conduct direct transactions with entities such as distributed power sources and new energy storage.
(3) Continuously Optimize the Electricity Price Mechanism
Further improve the time-of-use electricity price mechanism and establish and improve the time-of-use electricity price mechanism for residential electric vehicle charging piles; in areas where the electricity spot market operates continuously, promote the dynamic adjustment of peak-valley time division based on spot price signals to improve users' electricity consumption characteristics. Study and improve the energy storage price mechanism. On the basis of evaluating the pilot projects of distributed generation market-oriented trading, study and improve the transmission and distribution price mechanism that better promotes the local consumption of new energy.
(4) Improve Fiscal and Financial Policies
Give full play to the guiding and driving role of central investment, and further promote the rural power grid consolidation and upgrading project. Support qualified distribution network projects through local government special bonds. Establish and improve the investment and operation.
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